Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery by identifying what they believe to be a ‘ghost’ plume beneath Earth’s surface, specifically located under Oman. Unlike typical mantle plumes that exhibit surface volcanic activity, this elusive column of hot rock, named the Dani plume, shows no such signs, which adds to its uniqueness.
Mantle plumes, with or without visible surface disruptions, play a significant role in the dynamics of heat, pressure, and movement from the core to the surface. Understanding these ghost plumes is essential for advancing scientific knowledge in areas such as plate tectonics and the evolution of life on Earth, as well as the planet’s magnetic field.
The discovery was backed by a comprehensive analysis of seismic data that indicated a slowdown in seismic waves, implying the presence of hotter and softer rock beneath the surface. Additional evidence came from computer modeling and field measurements that revealed important geological layers extending 410 kilometers (255 miles) and 660 kilometers (410 miles) deep.
This newly identified plume is estimated to measure between 200–300 kilometers in diameter and is believed to be significantly hotter—by about 100–300 °C (212–540 °F)—than the surrounding mantle. Interestingly, models suggest that this plume has existed for a considerable time, impacting the movement of the Indian tectonic plate over 40 million years ago, and possibly continuing to influence land elevation in Oman today.
Researchers emphasize the importance of their collective findings, stating that while individual results may seem inconclusive, they form a robust interpretation of the plume’s existence. The team also proposes that there may be more undiscovered ghost plumes around the globe, which could broaden our understanding of geological evolution and heat distribution.
The study posits that more heat might be emanating from the Earth’s core than previously thought, urging further research to comprehend long-term implications for our planet’s thermal evolution. The findings have significant potential for reshaping models that account for the distribution of heat-producing elements within the Earth’s layers.
Published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters, this research opens new theories for exploration in geosciences and presents an exciting opportunity for future studies, as scientists continue to map the hidden dynamics of our planet.