Tonga has recently implemented a pivotal law creating a comprehensive framework for integrated ocean governance over more than 700,000 square kilometers of its ocean territory. This legislative action is crucial as over 99 percent of Tonga’s land area is comprised of ocean, necessitating effective management of its vast aquatic resources.
The newly established framework includes the formation of three governing bodies responsible for overseeing ocean management. The Ocean Management Commission, appointed by the Cabinet, takes the lead as the primary entity tasked with providing direction and stewardship. This commission has the authority to approve policies and plans, issue necessary consents, coordinate efforts among various ministries, and enforce regulations.
Complementing the commission’s efforts is the Ocean7 Advisory Committee, which will facilitate coordination across different sectors and offer evidence-based advice. Its responsibilities encompass reviewing the National Ocean Policy and Marine Spatial Plans while ensuring that public consultation is integral to the decision-making process.
Additionally, a Secretariat, overseen by the ministry in charge of the environment, will support both the commission and the advisory committee. The Secretariat will manage crucial data, oversee the Ocean Management Fund, and ensure the effective implementation of established policies.
The legislation brings forth essential regulatory instruments, including the National Ocean Policy and Marine Spatial Planning, while designating specific Ocean Management Areas. These areas will feature zoning for diverse uses, such as no-take zones, habitat protection zones, and regions designated for sustainable use. Unique reserves and general use zones are also part of this comprehensive planning.
Moreover, the framework introduces various measures like development consents, environmental impact assessments, and established processes for monitoring and enforcement. To finance these initiatives, an Ocean Management Fund will be sustained through levies, fees, and charges.
This holistic governance approach is intended to unify multiple sectors—including fisheries, energy, mining, tourism, communications, research, defense, and environmental protection—under a singular framework. By promoting sustainable utilization of ocean resources, the legislation also aims to honor and preserve Tonga’s deep cultural ties to the sea. The adoption of such a proactive strategy marks a significant step toward achieving sustainable development and protecting oceanic heritage for future generations.