A newly enacted law in Tonga has established a comprehensive framework for integrated ocean governance that spans over 700,000 square kilometers of the nation’s ocean territory. This significant legislative move aims to manage the country’s vast aquatic resources effectively, as over 99 percent of Tonga’s land area consists of ocean.
The framework, developed through an act of parliament, creates three governing bodies to oversee ocean management. The primary entity, the Ocean Management Commission, will be appointed by the Cabinet to provide overarching direction and stewardship. This commission holds the authority to approve various policies and plans, issue consents, coordinate efforts across ministries, and enforce regulations.
Supporting the commission, an Advisory Committee known as Ocean7 will facilitate cross-sectoral coordination and offer evidence-based advice. Its role includes reviewing the National Ocean Policy and Marine Spatial Plans while ensuring active public consultation in decision-making processes.
Additionally, a Secretariat, managed by the ministry responsible for the environment, will assist both the commission and the advisory committee. This body will handle data management, oversee the Ocean Management Fund, and ensure the ongoing implementation of policies.
The legislation introduces essential policy and regulatory instruments, such as the National Ocean Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, and the establishment of designated Ocean Management Areas. These areas will include zoning for various uses, such as no-take areas, habitat protection zones, and areas for limited and sustainable use, alongside unique reserves and general use zones.
Moreover, it incorporates various measures, including development consents, environmental impact assessments, and established processes for monitoring and enforcement. Financing for these initiatives will be supported through an Ocean Management Fund funded by levies, fees, and charges.
Collectively, these new institutions and tools are designed to unite various sectors—fisheries, energy, mining, tourism, communications, research, defense, and environmental protection—under a single governance framework. This approach not only aims to promote sustainable use of ocean resources but also ensures the preservation of Tonga’s cultural connections to the sea.