U.S. regulators have officially banned the dye known as Red 3 from the country’s food supply, marking a significant step in food safety. This decision comes nearly 35 years after Red 3 was prohibited in cosmetics due to concerns over its potential cancer risk.
Red 3, also referred to scientifically as erythrosine or FD&C Red No. 3, is a petroleum-based color additive known for providing a bright cherry-red hue to various foods and beverages. Initially, the FDA allowed its use in food and ingested drugs despite banning it for cosmetics in 1990, primarily because studies indicated a cancer risk in rats but not in humans.
This latest ruling follows a 2022 petition led by health advocates and food safety groups, which urged the FDA to reconsider its stance on Red 3. The decision aligns with the Delaney Clause of federal law, which mandates the prohibition of any food additive found to cause cancer in either humans or animals. FDA officials emphasized the importance of this ban for public health, particularly for children who may consume more of the dye relative to their body weight compared to adults.
The International Association of Color Manufacturers has defended the safety of Red 3, noting that scientific evaluations conducted by esteemed organizations such as the United Nations and the World Health Organization found it safe for human consumption at typical levels. However, the FDA determined that given the evidence of cancer risk in laboratory settings, it was necessary to revoke authorization for this additive.
Manufacturers will have until January 2027 to eliminate Red 3 from food products and until January 2028 for ingested drugs. While the ban has similarities to previous regulations in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, there remains uncertainty regarding potential legal challenges from food manufacturers who argue that there is insufficient evidence to prove Red 3 poses a cancer risk to humans.
Red 3 is prevalent in many popular foodstuffs, including sodas, candies, and pastries, with a staggering 9,201 products identified to contain the dye according to the Center for Science in the Public Interest. The industry is already responding, with some companies reformulating their products to use natural alternatives such as beet juice and plant-based pigments.
This proactive measure reflects a growing commitment to food safety and health advocacy, highlighting an ongoing effort to minimize potential risks in the food supply. It serves as a reminder of the importance of continued vigilance in monitoring food additives and prioritizing consumer health.