The Pacific region is standing at a crucial crossroads in ocean governance as it shifts from ratifying to implementing the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) agreement, which covers nearly two-thirds of the world’s oceans. Olive Vaai, a prominent ocean advocate from Samoa and the Oceania Pacific Regional Coordinator for the High Seas Alliance, articulated the significance of this transition during the recent 2025 State of the Ocean webinar.
Vaai highlighted that the BBNJ agreement marks a transformative moment for ocean governance. She stated, “What stands out for the Pacific Ocean in 2025 is the BBNJ agreement, as this is the point where global ambition is being tested against practical realities.” The agreement is portrayed as a vital framework for collective stewardship that crosses national boundaries.
This year’s focus is on ensuring that the priorities of Pacific nations, particularly those of indigenous populations, are acknowledged and integrated into the BBNJ framework. Vaai emphasized the need for inclusive and equitable participation, advocating for the inclusion of local knowledge systems in ocean management decision-making processes.
She acknowledged the diverse pressures facing Pacific nations, noting, “the same ocean spaces affected by high seas biodiversity decisions are also under pressure from climate change, overfishing, and deep-sea mining interests.” Despite these challenges, Vaai expressed optimism that they can be addressed through solidarity and limited resources, bolstered by robust community voices.
A strong advocate for Pacific-led implementation, Vaai called for proactive involvement in shaping governance processes to align with the cultural and historical ties communities have with the ocean. She identified three key priorities for 2026: capacity and capability, equity and inclusion, and connection and coherence. Vaai believes these priorities are essential for a decade focused on ocean recovery, rooted in the Pacific’s values of respect and partnership.
The BBNJ agreement is anticipated to take effect in January 2026, contingent upon securing 60 ratifications, representing a hopeful stride toward enhanced ocean protection. Vaai pointed out the need for institutional frameworks that prioritize indigenous methodologies through the engagement strategies of the High Seas Alliance.
Upcoming preparatory committee meetings for the BBNJ in April and May 2026 are deemed crucial for articulating how the treaty will function effectively. Vaai commended the Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS) for their significant role in crafting a unified stance within larger coalitions such as the G77 and the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS).
In an impassioned call to action, Vaai underscored the urgency for further ratifications to expand the global reach of BBNJ regulations. She stressed the importance of fostering collaborations among diverse stakeholders, including youth groups and academic institutions, to bolster advocacy efforts across the Pacific region. She encapsulated this spirit of unity with the Samoan proverb, “connecting fibre with fibre,” emblematic of the strength derived from collective action.
The proactive efforts and enthusiasm of Pacific nations not only demonstrate their commitment to marine conservation but also instill hope for a sustainable future that values the health of ocean ecosystems essential to local communities. The integration of traditional knowledge into the management of global ocean challenges signifies a progressive step toward a more inclusive and responsible approach to safeguarding marine biodiversity.