More than half of infectious diseases affecting humans are believed to originate from animals, raising concerns that the next public health crisis could emerge from environments such as farms or areas impacted by flooding rather than traditional healthcare settings. This concern is particularly relevant in Pacific Island nations, where climate-sensitive diseases like leptospirosis often surge following heavy rainfall and flooding. Additionally, food and water safety are significant issues, with unsafe food linked to over 200 diseases worldwide, many of which are prevalent in the Pacific region.
These pressing challenges were the focus of a recent meeting held from February 3 to 5, where over 70 representatives from Pacific island nations gathered to discuss strategies for addressing health risks. This event was notable for including national International Health Regulations (IHR) focal points and contributors from the animal health and legal sectors. During the three-day online conference, participants shared their experiences in improving human, animal, and environmental health using the One Health approach, which promotes collaboration across multiple disciplines. Delegates from various nations, including Vanuatu, Fiji, and French Polynesia, reported both achievements and challenges in this area.
Dr. Mark Jacobs, the World Health Organization (WHO) Representative to the South Pacific, highlighted how climate change and environmental pressures are intensifying health risks in the region. He emphasized the need for integration among public health, animal health, and environmental professionals to protect communities effectively. By fostering cooperative efforts among health, agriculture, and environmental sectors, countries can better prepare for and mitigate potential health emergencies.
The WHO, in collaboration with organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), continues to support Pacific nations through the Pacific One Health dialogues. This initiative aims to harmonize health systems addressing human, animal, and environmental issues, with a National Bridging Workshop scheduled in Tonga for September 2025.
Since the last gathering of IHR focal points in 2024, considerable progress has been made in strengthening IHR core capacities across Pacific islands. The Cook Islands, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu have undertaken Joint External Evaluations (JEE), which provided key recommendations for improving multi-sectoral coordination. Furthermore, countries like the Cook Islands, Samoa, Tonga, and Vanuatu have developed National Action Plans for Health Security, aiming to enhance their capacity to prevent, detect, and respond effectively to public health threats.
The JEE process has offered critical insights for the Solomon Islands, allowing them to identify their strengths and weaknesses in health preparedness and response. Dr. Nemia Bainivalu, Medical Director at the Ministry of Health and Medical Services in the Solomon Islands, characterized the evaluation as more than just an assessment; it served as a valuable learning opportunity that has shifted their focus toward fostering coordination and collaborative action across various sectors.
Participants also examined how to implement recent amendments to the IHR at a national level, in line with resolutions from the WHO Regional Committee for the Western Pacific. These amendments prioritize the integration of multi-sectoral coordination in preparedness efforts, ensuring that collaboration among health, agriculture, environment, biosecurity, and legal sectors is established well ahead of potential crises. This collaborative approach brings a sense of optimism for a healthier future in the Pacific, positioning these nations to proactively address emerging health challenges.