Chinese health authorities are closely monitoring an uptick in human metapneumovirus (HMPV) cases. While health officials report this increase, they have confirmed that there is no indication of an unusual outbreak or the emergence of a new respiratory illness in the country.
According to a spokesperson for the World Health Organization (WHO), recent data shows a rise in acute respiratory infections in China, but this year’s overall scale and intensity of respiratory illnesses remain lower than in 2022.
In the United States, HMPV cases have been on the rise since late November, with data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicating a positivity rate of 1.94% for HMPV in the week leading up to December 28, 2024. Comparatively, flu and COVID-19 have shown higher positivity rates of 18.71% and 7.10%, respectively. The CDC has stated that they are keeping an eye on reports from China but assured that the situation poses no immediate concern for the U.S.
Public health experts note that HMPV is widely understood within the medical community and typically circulates during the winter respiratory virus season. As Dr. William Schaffner, a preventive medicine professor at Vanderbilt University, explained, the close quarters and indoor gatherings during the holiday season can increase the transmission of these viruses.
HMPV is known to cause a range of respiratory illnesses and was first identified in 2001. Symptoms can mimic those of other common respiratory viruses, making diagnosis challenging unless the patient is severely ill. The risk of serious complications like bronchitis or pneumonia is highest in young children and older adults.
Transmission occurs through respiratory secretions, close contact, and touching contaminated surfaces. The CDC notes that most individuals are likely exposed to HMPV by age five, though reinfections can occur with typically milder symptoms.
Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Management focuses on supportive care for those experiencing moderate to severe symptoms. Preventative measures include practicing good hygiene, such as handwashing and wearing masks in crowded situations, particularly for those at high risk.
Receiving vaccinations for other respiratory viruses, including COVID-19, influenza, and RSV, is also recommended. This can help reduce the likelihood of co-infections, which can complicate and worsen health outcomes.
In summary, while the rise in HMPV cases in China warrants attention, health officials emphasize that there is no immediate threat comparable to previous years, and with proper hygiene and vaccination practices, individuals can help protect themselves and others during this respiratory virus season. This situation reinforces the importance of ongoing monitoring and vigilance in public health.