Cases and fatalities linked to the “flesh-eating” bacteria Vibrio vulnificus are climbing in several Gulf Coast states, raising alarms among health experts. So far in 2025, the bacteria, which flourishes in warm coastal waters, has claimed eight lives and resulted in at least 60 confirmed cases across the United States, with Louisiana, Florida, and North Carolina being the most affected.
The bacteria can enter the body through open wounds exposed to contaminated seawater or by consuming raw or undercooked shellfish, particularly oysters. Infection can manifest as vibriosis, which can range from mild gastrointestinal illness to severe complications, including necrotizing fasciitis—a condition often referred to as a flesh-eating infection.
Louisiana has reported a significant surge in infections, with 17 hospitalizations this year, four of which resulted in death—a sharp increase compared to the past decade’s average of seven cases and one death annually. The Louisiana Department of Health has advised residents to exercise caution, particularly during the peak vibrio “season” from May to October, when conditions for bacterial growth are optimal due to warmer water temperatures.
This spike comes amidst broader climate challenges, including heatwaves and severe storms, which may be facilitating the bacteria’s spread. Data indicates the bacteria’s geographic range is moving northward by about 48 kilometers annually, posing a growing risk to more areas, including parts of the Atlantic coast.
Symptoms of Vibrio vulnificus can present within 12 hours to several days after exposure. They may include watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and more severe signs such as fever and skin lesions in cases involving wound infections. Prompt medical attention is crucial, especially for individuals with existing health concerns such as liver disease or compromised immune systems.
As the summer progresses, health officials are urging individuals, particularly those engaging in water activities or consuming seafood, to take precautions. While infections are on the rise, awareness and preventive measures can mitigate the risk of infection and potentially save lives.
The rise in Vibrio vulnificus cases highlights the importance of public health initiatives and monitoring as changing environmental conditions contribute to the dynamics of infectious diseases. Understanding the risks and spreading awareness can empower communities to better safeguard their health during this peak season.