New research from the University of Colorado Boulder highlights potential health risks associated with erythritol, a widely-used sugar substitute found in many low-carb and sugar-free products. This sweetener, first approved by the FDA in 2001, has become a staple in items like keto protein bars and “sugar-free” soda due to its negligible calorie count and low impact on blood sugar levels.
The study, published in the Journal of Applied Physiology, suggests that erythritol may not be as benign as previously believed. Senior author Christopher DeSouza and graduate student Auburn Berry conducted experiments on human brain blood vessel cells treated with erythritol, discovering notable harmful effects. These cells showed decreased production of nitric oxide—a molecule critical for blood vessel relaxation—and an increase in endothelin-1, which constricts blood vessels. Additionally, the cells exhibited a reduced ability to produce t-PA, a natural compound that helps dissolve clots, alongside increased levels of reactive oxygen species, which can damage cells and cause inflammation.
Prior research conducted by the Cleveland Clinic identified a link between elevated levels of erythritol in blood and a higher incidence of strokes and heart attacks among participants. DeSouza suggests that the cumulative effects of consuming erythritol, especially in common serving sizes found in popular foods, can significantly elevate the risk of stroke.
The researchers emphasize that their findings highlight the necessity of ongoing studies involving human subjects to further understand the implications of erythritol consumption. Meanwhile, they encourage consumers to read product labels closely and be mindful of their intake of this sweetener.
Overall, while erythritol is often seen as a safe alternative for those managing their weight or blood sugar, evidence suggests it may be wise for consumers to be cautious with its consumption. This research opens avenues for further investigation into dietary choices and their long-term health impacts.