Dry, irritated eyes are becoming increasingly prevalent in Fiji, affecting a diverse range of individuals—from office workers who spend long hours in front of screens to farmers enduring the harsh sunlight. Although often dismissed as a minor inconvenience, dry eye disease can seriously impact vision, productivity, and overall quality of life if left unaddressed.
This condition occurs when the eyes either fail to produce enough tears or when tears evaporate too quickly, disrupting the tear film that is crucial for eye comfort, clarity, and protection against infections. Fiji’s warm, windy climate, combined with widespread air conditioning, can exacerbate this issue by making it easier for the natural tear film to break down, leading to symptoms such as burning sensations, redness, a gritty feeling, blurred or fluctuating vision, light sensitivity, and even excessive watering.
The tear film is made up of three layers: an oily layer, a watery layer, and a mucus layer, all working in tandem to keep the eye surface smooth and moist. Dry eye disease often develops when any of these layers become compromised, resulting in tear film instability and inflammation of the eye’s surface. If left untreated, this cycle of irritation can worsen over time.
There are two primary types of dry eye disease, with many patients experiencing characteristics of both. Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye is more prevalent among older adults and those with autoimmune disorders, where the lacrimal glands are unable to produce adequate tears. Conversely, Evaporative Dry Eye—which is the most common form seen in Fiji—occurs when tears evaporate too quickly due to dysfunction in the meibomian glands of the eyelids, which are responsible for producing an oil that slows evaporation. Contributing factors such as dust, smoke, and prolonged screen exposure further aggravate the condition.
A number of systemic and environmental factors prevalent in Fiji are linked to an increased risk of developing dry eyes. These include conditions like diabetes, autoimmune diseases, hormonal changes, particular medications, and lifestyle habits such as increased screen time and time spent in air-conditioned environments. Fiji’s unique climate, characterized by heat, trade winds, and frequent dust, also contributes to the issue.
Fortunately, dry eye disease is manageable with early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies tailored to each individual’s severity and underlying causes. For mild cases, lifestyle changes—such as taking frequent breaks from screens, maintaining hydration, and wearing sunglasses outdoors—can prove beneficial. Artificial tears are typically the first line of treatment, with preservative-free drops recommended for regular use to avoid irritation.
In more advanced cases featuring inflammation, prescription eye drops with anti-inflammatory properties may be needed under professional medical supervision. Additionally, if eyelid issues are present, warm compresses and good lid hygiene can help alleviate symptoms. For those requiring more intensive management, options include punctal plugs to help minimize tear drainage and specialized serum-based eye drops that can be accessed through specialized care.
It is essential for individuals experiencing persistent discomfort, redness, or blurred vision to seek professional help as soon as possible. Consulting with an optometrist or ophthalmologist not only helps prevent further complications but also promotes long-term eye health. As awareness of dry eye disease continues to increase in Fiji, there is hope that more individuals will benefit from effective management strategies, ultimately leading to enhanced quality of life.