October is often associated with Halloween, but preceding it are two significant holidays: Columbus Day and Indigenous Peoples’ Day, both observed on the same date. Columbus Day, established as a national holiday in 1937, celebrates Italian-American contributions, but has faced growing opposition. Critics highlight the violent history associated with Christopher Columbus, urging a shift in focus to Indigenous Peoples’ Day, which honors Native American history and culture.
Though President Biden recognized Indigenous Peoples’ Day alongside Columbus Day, it’s uncertain if former President Donald Trump will acknowledge this, considering his stance on revitalizing Columbus Day. Despite these controversies, Columbus Day remains one of the 11 federal holidays in the United States, sparking debate about its celebration in light of the atrocities linked to colonialism.
Indigenous Peoples’ Day was initially recognized by South Dakota in 1989, followed by cities like Berkeley and Santa Cruz. By 2025, around 30 states and Washington, D.C., will not formally recognize Columbus Day, with many cities opting for Indigenous Peoples’ Day. Celebrated on the second Monday of October, the day sees various adjustments in public service operations.
In Indiana, for instance, all federal and state offices, including the Bureau of Motor Vehicles, will close in observance of these holidays. Postal services will halt, though FedEx and UPS will continue with modifications. While many banks will shut their doors, major supermarkets and retailers plan to remain open. The stock market will operate, but the bond market will take a pause.
Some educational institutions in Indiana will also close, including all branches of the Indianapolis Public Library. However, waste collection will proceed as usual, with no disruptions expected until Thanksgiving. As these holidays approach annually, the conversation surrounding them continues to evolve, reflecting broader societal shifts toward embracing a more inclusive historical narrative.