An extraordinary celestial event is set to illuminate the skies over northern North America tonight, with intense auroras expected to be visible across about 15 U.S. states. This dazzling display is a result of a “hole” in the sun, which is allowing a high-speed stream of charged particles to surge toward Earth.
According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center, while the most vivid auroras are anticipated over Alaska and Canada, residents in northern and upper Midwest states stretching from New York to Idaho could also catch a glimpse of this natural wonder.
The source of this auroral activity is a coronal hole on the sun’s surface. These areas are less dense and enable solar wind—streams of charged particles—to escape at high speeds. When these charged particles collide with Earth’s atmosphere, they intensify geomagnetic activity, resulting in breathtaking auroral displays.
The Space Weather Prediction Center is forecasting a moderate geomagnetic storm (G2), indicating that while they are not uncommon, such storms can produce impressive auroras. In some cases, higher intensity storms, classified as G3, could also develop, although that remains uncertain.
The United Kingdom’s Met Office has also chimed in, predicting minor to moderate geomagnetic storms, which could further enhance the chances of aurora sightings.
Auroras are created when the sun’s charged particles collide with Earth’s upper atmosphere, exciting oxygen and nitrogen atoms. These interactions cause the particles to glow in vibrant colors, with oxygen producing greens and reds, and nitrogen emitting blues and purples.
While the auroras are expected to be most visible near the northern border of the contiguous U.S., they can be seen from considerable distances—up to 620 miles away—depending on the intensity of the storm. Typically, the best time to view these ethereal lights is just after sunset or just before sunrise, although sightings are never guaranteed.
This event showcases the wonders of space weather and its tangible effects on our planet, reminding us of the beauty and excitement that can be derived from the universe. For enthusiasts and casual observers alike, the prospect of witnessing the northern lights adds a sense of magic to the night sky.