South Korea’s economy is experiencing a notable productivity increase driven by advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), according to analysts from Bank of America. This growth is particularly pronounced in the semiconductor sector, which constitutes a significant 17% of the country’s exports. The report highlights that South Korea has emerged as a leading beneficiary of the AI boom, with exports soaring over 50% year-over-year.
Bank of America analysts predict that South Korea’s ongoing investments in AI research and development, alongside a rising number of AI-related patents, will continue to enhance its position in AI integration. Despite this positive outlook, they caution that escalating geopolitical tensions, particularly between the U.S. and China, may pose challenges for the country’s growth prospects.
The report indicates that while South Korea has started diversifying its chip exports away from China, over 30% of its semiconductor shipments in 2023 were still directed towards China and Hong Kong. Additionally, the U.S. and China are significant markets for South Korean chips, accounting for a large portion of its exports. If relations between these nations worsen and further trade restrictions are imposed—especially regarding advanced chips—it could significantly impact South Korea’s memory semiconductor exports.
Furthermore, South Korean chip producers rely on China for various manufacturing components and equipment. Disruptions in this supply chain due to heightened tensions could hinder their ability to procure the necessary tools for chip production. Reports suggest that the U.S. is urging South Korea to limit exports of specific advanced chipmaking equipment to China, a request that South Korean officials are weighing, considering its implications on major domestic firms like Samsung and SK Hynix.
Amid ongoing discussions, the Biden administration may implement an export control measure, known as the foreign direct product rule, aimed at preventing allies from supplying chipmaking tools and equipment to China. This rule restricts the export of goods made with a significant portion of U.S. intellectual property.
Despite the complexities tied to geopolitical dynamics, South Korea’s commitment to harnessing AI technologies presents a promising path forward. Should the nation successfully navigate these challenges, it stands to bolster its standing as a key player in the global semiconductor industry, ultimately contributing to its economic resilience and innovation.
In summary, while South Korea’s growth in AI and semiconductor exports is promising, it faces potential headwinds from international relations that could complicate its path toward further advancements.