MOGADISHU — President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud’s recent visit to Las Anod marks a significant moment in Somalia’s ongoing struggles as he confronts a nation teetering on the brink of fragmentation. His trip to the contested city is not only symbolic but represents the gravity of Somalia’s political crisis, particularly amid rising tensions with Somaliland and a growing internal political standoff.
Somalia has long grappled with the challenge of maintaining unity, a concept often more aspirational than practical. The collapse of state structures in the early 1990s initiated a complex experiment in federalism, one that now reveals serious cracks in its foundation. The delicate balance of power between the central government in Mogadishu and regional authorities is increasingly strained, leading to fears of further disintegration.
A coalition of political leaders from various regions recently set a clear ultimatum: by January 20, 2026, President Mohamud must orchestrate a truly inclusive national conference to establish a consensual framework for elections and constitutional reforms. This deadline, articulated by key figures from Puntland and Jubbaland, reflects widespread frustration over decisions perceived as excluding regional interests. They have warned that failing to reach an agreement may lead to independent political processes, jeopardizing the authority of the Mogadishu government.
For many Somali citizens—whether taxi drivers in the capital or pastoralists in the northern regions—the stakes transcend mere political disputes; they involve the fundamental transformation of their state’s identity away from clan-based rivalries to a government that genuinely represents the needs and aspirations of its populace.
Compounding these internal tensions, Somalia faces an external challenge following Israel’s historic recognition of Somaliland on December 26, 2025. This unprecedented acknowledgment of a region that declared independence in 1991 has sent shockwaves throughout Somalia, prompting President Mohamud to label it an illegal act that undermines Somali sovereignty. His response resonates with many who view Somaliland as an integral part of Somalia.
Public sentiment has rallied in Mogadishu, with significant protests erupting in response to Israel’s announcement. Citizens gathered under the Somali flag, denouncing what they perceive as an attack on their national unity. At a diplomatic level, organizations such as the African Union and the Arab League have reiterated their support for Somalia’s territorial integrity.
However, the national discourse remains fraught with anxiety and apprehension. As President Mohamud navigates the high-stakes political landscape, he must address both domestic demands for a transparent electoral process and the geopolitical repercussions of Somaliland’s newfound legitimacy.
In Las Anod, he adopted a conciliatory tone, extending an invitation for dialogue with Somaliland’s leadership. Yet, he firmly stated that “unity is non-negotiable,” aiming to reassure Somalis concerned about their nation’s future. Critics, however, argue that this approach lacks immediacy and transparency. Many opposition figures believe that Mohamud’s administration has been slow to engage in necessary discussions that could lead to broadly accepted reforms.
For ordinary Somalis—shopkeepers, students, and farmers—political developments have direct implications for their daily lives. The outcome of these high-level negotiations may determine the legitimacy of future elections, facilitate regional cooperation, and ultimately influence a peaceful resolution for families displaced by decades of conflict.
As the January 20 deadline approaches, the urgency is clear: Somalia’s leaders must seek common ground swiftly. The repercussions of division could be profound; a failure to unite might lead to a further unraveling of the already fragile state, just when the need for cohesion is paramount. The future of Somalia rests not just on political maneuvering but also on the ability to restore trust in a system that has struggled to serve its citizens effectively.