Returning home after a ten-day journey to China, the stark contrast between the rapid advancements in Shanghai and the familiar sights back home is striking. The trip was underscored by attending an expansive conference titled “Earth-Humanity Reconciliation,” organized by notable institutions including UNESCO and the Club of Rome. This event brought together experts from 15 countries, creating a vibrant forum for discussions on the pressing issue of humanity’s relationship with the environment.
A key takeaway from the meeting was China’s commitment to what it refers to as “Ecological Civilization,” a concept now enshrined in the Chinese constitution. This initiative advocates for a balanced coexistence between nature and economic activity, encapsulated in the notion known as “The Two Mountains.” Observations from the conference suggest that the Chinese are earnest in their pursuit of an energy transition, recognizing that a swift departure from fossil fuels is critical to maintain the ongoing prosperity achieved over recent decades.
China remains heavily reliant on imported fossil fuels, being a major consumer of oil and gas. While coal currently powers approximately 60% of its energy needs, there is a clear push towards renewable sources, now accounting for the remaining 40%. The country’s ambitious target to achieve “Net Zero” emissions by 2060 reflects a growing awareness of the dangers posed by environmental degradation. As its population begins to decline, the resulting decrease in resource pressure could facilitate further advancements in reducing pollution.
The progress China has made in renewable energy is remarkable; it has positioned itself as a global leader in the production of photovoltaic systems, driving down costs to outcompete fossil fuel sources. Additionally, China’s development in low-cost batteries, electric vehicles, automation, and overall electrification is accelerating, setting the stage for a potential technological advantage over the West.
Urban areas in China, once notorious for pollution, are witnessing a transformation. In cities like Shanghai, the air is fresher, with the scent of greenery filling the streets, and the sounds dominated by quiet electric vehicles. There is a visible shift towards electrification, as electric scooters become commonplace, and private electric cars make up a significant portion of the traffic.
The experience in China raises a crucial question: can the West learn from this model? In his latest book, “Understanding China,” author Chandran Nair prompts consideration of how some of China’s approaches could be applicable in Western contexts. He emphasizes the need for a “strong state” that is trusted by its citizens, supported by fair taxation, and capable of managing powerful interest groups that threaten national progress against climate change and pollution.
While the adaptability of the Chinese model to Western societies poses challenges, the record of progress so far suggests there are valuable lessons to be learned. As the world grapples with significant environmental challenges, observing and understanding China’s strategies may inspire a new path forward, fostering collaboration and innovation towards a sustainable future.