Fiji is taking significant strides in disaster risk management through the implementation of a comprehensive framework supported by robust legal and policy structures. The cornerstone of this initiative is the National Disaster Risk Management Act 2024, which sets forth essential guidelines for effective disaster management, including budget allocations, the establishment of a disaster fund, and the development of effective early warning systems.
A key requirement of the Act is the collaboration of the National Disaster Risk Management Office (NDRMO) with various stakeholders to create a “people-centered, multi-hazard warning system.” This collaborative approach focuses on identifying hazards, forecasting their impacts, and developing pre-agreed actions to mitigate potential damages. Crucially, the legislation empowers authorities to declare a State of Disaster based on the likelihood of significant harm, facilitating proactive measures ahead of an impending disaster.
Fiji’s disaster management efforts are further enhanced by national policies like the National Disaster Risk Reduction Policy (2018-2030) and the National Adaptation Plan (NAP). These initiatives highlight the necessity of bolstering preparedness and implementing proactive responses to climate-induced challenges, particularly tropical cyclones.
At the grassroots level, the framework acknowledges that effective disaster readiness must start in communities. The Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) Policy encourages anticipatory actions, fostering plans and triggers to guarantee that funding and resources are mobilized as needed. Public awareness campaigns, such as National Disaster Awareness Week, raise crucial awareness among citizens regarding preparedness strategies. Local organizations and community groups play a vital role in disseminating important information and executing actions during emergencies.
The introduction of a National Disaster Risk Financing (DRF) Strategy is intended to enhance financial stability against disasters through timely access to funds, reducing fiscal shocks, and facilitating quicker recovery. Existing initiatives like the Pacific Catastrophe Risk Insurance Company (PCRIC) and the World Bank’s Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option (CAT-DDO) will be integrated with micro-insurance programs aimed specifically at households, businesses, and the agriculture sector.
Moreover, the framework prioritizes inclusivity in disaster preparation efforts. The Sendai Gender Action Plan (GAP) emphasizes the importance of integrating gender-responsive strategies into disaster risk management. Recent policy briefs directed at Pacific Island Countries advocate for a focus on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and measures against gender-based violence (GBV) in disaster planning. Recommendations include institutionalizing initiatives related to SRH and GBV, enhancing community engagement, and expanding gender-sensitive financing.
Oversight of this comprehensive disaster risk management framework is facilitated by the NDRMO, with support from the National Disaster Risk Management Council and the Cabinet of Fiji. Collaborations with the Fiji Meteorological Service are vital for activating appropriate responses, while humanitarian partners and various governmental ministries carry out planned activities. The governance structure also features a national cluster system that coordinates humanitarian and anticipatory efforts across different sectors.
This multi-layered governance approach fosters a decentralized and inclusive system, merging national leadership with grassroots participation. By involving Divisional Commissioners, Provincial Administrators, and community committees, Fiji aims to ensure disaster preparedness and early warning systems effectively reach all areas of the community, significantly bolstering the nation’s resilience to future disasters. This proactive stance exemplifies Fiji’s commitment to safeguarding its citizens and infrastructure against the increasing threats posed by climate change and natural hazards.