On January 17, a pivotal global treaty aimed at safeguarding ocean life in international waters came into effect, as announced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This treaty establishes binding regulations for the sustainable management and use of marine resources in the high seas.
Previously known as the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement), this landmark accord focuses on various facets of marine biodiversity, including marine genetic resources. It emphasizes the equitable sharing of benefits and introduces area-based management tools, such as marine protected areas, designed to protect these essential ecosystems.
The treaty also addresses critical components like environmental impact assessments, capacity-building initiatives, and the transfer of marine technology. IMO Secretary-General Arsenio Dominguez expressed optimism about the treaty’s potential, remarking, “The world has demonstrated that countries can come together with a common vision and build a framework to manage the ocean sustainably while ensuring its benefits are shared fairly amongst all humanity.” He reiterated the IMO’s commitment to supporting the BBNJ Agreement’s implementation within its area of expertise.
The IMO points out that ships operating in international waters currently adhere to strict environmental, safety, and security regulations throughout their journeys. The Organization has established over 50 binding treaties and initiatives aimed at promoting the sustainable use of the oceans, backed by a comprehensive system of flag, coastal, and port state controls.
In addition to the BBNJ Agreement, existing IMO conventions significantly contribute to conserving marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. These include the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution by Ships (MARPOL), the International Ballast Water Management Convention, and the London Convention and Protocol, which governs waste disposal at sea.
Moreover, a new legally binding framework is being developed to address issues related to biofouling on ships and to combat the transfer of invasive aquatic species. The BBNJ Agreement, which took effect following its adoption in June 2023, represents the culmination of years of negotiations and discussions. Over 80 nations, including Fiji, have ratified the Agreement, highlighting a strong commitment to ocean conservation and the responsible management of marine resources. Fiji’s signing in September 2023 marks a significant milestone in global efforts to protect marine ecosystems.
This treaty symbolizes a collective international endeavor toward ensuring sustainable management of the world’s oceans, instilling hope for the future of marine biodiversity and offering a pathway for healthier oceanic environments worldwide.